President Obama s Second Inaugural Address Essay

President Obama s second inaugural address’ addresses an audience of middle class Americans in order to assure these ones of their importance and to remind them that they are not a forgotten people. Although the upper class is the wealthiest, they are the minority and can not on their own support the entire country. Obama said in his speech â€Å"we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it†. America tends to focus on those who are either very rich or very poor, in contrast these words aimed at reassuring those in the middle no doubt is refreshing Understanding the different social and economic classes within the united states of america is helpful for understanding why this target audience was chosen. In the united states of america, these classes are usually broken into the following three groups: upper, middle, and lower. The upper class are exactly what they sound like in reference to their economic status. They are the few in this country that are very wealthy and are at the top of the ladder. Their money is plentiful and could be used to further the progress of this country, but as highlighted in obama s speech, they are a â€Å"shrinking few†. On the other side of the spectrum there is the lower class and this class usually consist of those who have lower education and low income. Although this class is a noticeable percentage of the population, they lack the means to bridge the gap that willShow MoreRelatedA Successful Obama Inaugural Address1334 Words   |  6 PagesShamik Patel Professor Valarie Writing Project #3 November 5, 2014 A Successful Obama’s 2nd Inaugural Address On January 21st, 2013, Barack Obama addressed the audience as the re-elected President of America in an inaugural ceremony on the West Front of Capitol. The speech was written by Jonathan Favreau. In an inaugural address, Obama touched upon several important issues; immigration, gender equality, and economic reforms and left behind the message that unity is our nation’s ultimate strengthRead MoreBarack Obam The President Of The United States Of America1648 Words   |  7 PagesH. Obama, the Democratic presidential nominee from Chicago Illinois, had defeated his Republican opponent John S. McCain. Barack Obama was sworn into office on Tuesday, January 20th, 2009 as the 44th president of the United States of America. In president Obamas inaugural address on that day he references the economy, energy, foreign policy, health care, and education as critical issues that plagued our country during 2009. Those five key points are some of the most important things on Obamas agendaRead MoreHistory Is The Study Of Past Events Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdeliver on that. In short Lincoln s 2nd Inaugural Address touches on many aspects. Lincoln states what ultimately was the cause of the Civil War which was slavery. He then goes on to mention what the punishment is and then finishes off his Inaugural Address with a call for reconciliation. Upon reading Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address I couldn’t help but think about what it would be like if President Barack Obama would have read Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address, in todays society. In light of theRead MoreLaunching The Presidency. Dr. Kristen Coopie Allen. Alyssa1479 Words   |  6 PagesLaunching the Presidency Dr. Kristen Coopie Allen Alyssa Hamilton 5 April 2017 Inaugural Address Paper Inaugural addresses have in many respects been the first clear indication to the American public of what they have signed on to for the next four to eight years. Especially with the media in recent decades, elections have become so clouded in argument and contradiction that the inaugural address is our first chance to really listen to the new president’s goals and aspirations, without any significantRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of President Obama s Speech1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn his 2009 Inaugural Address, President Barack Obama gave an impassioned speech filled with extended metaphors along the lines of movement, travel, and a journey. In fact, much of his economic language throughout the first 100 days of his presidency followed this theme. Obama’s use of these metaphors served to characterize the economic crisis, unite the American people, and frame his perspective on the role of the presidency. Thus, through analysis of his rhetoric, we learn that metaphors rea llyRead MoreSince The Beginning Of Times, In Every Group, Country,2047 Words   |  9 Pagescountry, or society there has always been a leader. 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Many have heard and Inaugural address but just in case you happen not to know what one is an Inaugural addressRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Civil War1095 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1861 Abraham Lincoln became the sixteen president of the United States. He had the Proclamation of declaring forever to free slaves within the Confederacy in the year 1863. Lincoln directly told the South In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it. LincolnRead MoreBarack Obama s Presidency For A Second Term1775 Words   |  8 PagesOn January 21, 2013, President Barack Obama was re-elected for a second term. As tradition with previous Presidents, a speech is given as a way for the President to connect with the citizens of the country. The significance about a second inaugural address is that the President has already run the country for 4 years and instead of connecting for the first time, Obama is reconnecting with America and articulating how he sees the progress of America and how he wants to continue to improve the countryRead MoreA Linguistic Analysis of Obama’s Inaugural Address9492 Words   |  38 PagesRhythm and Rhetoric: A Linguistic Analysis of Obama’s Inaugural Address Liilia Batluk Supervisor: Stuart Foster School of Humanities Halmstad University Bachelor’s thesis in English Acknowledgment My appreciations to my supervisor Stuart Foster for very helpful advice during the research. Abstract In this essay I shall analyze Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address, January, 2009 from the perspective of various linguistic techniques. More specifically, I shall propose and focus on the idea that the

Effects Of Alcohol Exposure On Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Introduction The fastest sperm has finally reached the outskirts of the awaiting egg, its sole purpose in life has been fulfilled as it fuses with the oocyte. Lots of divisions begin to occur, what was once a zygote becomes a blastocyst, which becomes the embryo, and the beginning formation of a baby has commenced. The difficult part is over now, right? This could not be further from the truth. The development of a human, from fertilization to birth, is a very complex and intricate process. It is through very specific processes that an embryo develops normally, without any sort of functional or structural irregularities. When harmful substances like alcohol interrupt these processes, the contaminated environment surrounding and†¦show more content†¦Even if an individual does not experience any obvious structural changes, alterations in cerebral blood flow, neuronal activity, and neurotransmitters can still be apparent.1 Behavioral malformations can include attention deficit or hyperactivity, as well as impaired adaptive behavior, social skills, and social communication.2 A range of affected behavior is evident, with any degree of general impairment possible in intelligence, reflex development, motor coordination, and hyperactivity of muscle.1 Core deficits that are found in a majority of cases of prenatal alcohol exposure include deficits in attention, learning, memory, emotional dysregulation, and executive functioning, whichShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects1712 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Dane D. Hrencher Kansas State University Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Alcohol is known as one the most dangerous teratogens. Every time a pregnant woman drinks, she allows alcohol to enter her blood stream and make its way into the placenta. Unlike the mother, the fetus is unable to break down alcohol that makes the blood alcohol level of the fetus the same orRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition is a key component of an individual’s healthy well being. Many factors have a significant effect on nutrition and it is important to continuously maintain a balanced one. Having a good nutrition is one of the main defenses for an innumerous amount of illnesses and diseases that can harm the body. One would ask, â€Å"What is nutrition per say, and how do we maintain the balance of it?† Nutrition is defined as â€Å"the sum of the processes by which [a living thing] takes in and utilizes foodRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Its Effects On Children856 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol plays a major role in today’s society. Everywhere we look, something is advertising alcohol. Alcohol is consumed for many purposes, whether it be for a celebration, out of boredom, or a way to relax. Alcohol has very damaging effects. Not only does alcohol cause self-inflicted diseases, but it harms unborn fetuses as well. Many women drink alcohol before they realize they are pregnant. One of the most severe effects alcohol causes an unborn fetus is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal AlcoholRead More The Irreversible Damage Caused by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of her baby. Excessive exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can inflict serious, permanent physical and mental damage on her child. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol she is making her child drink also. In knowing how Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented, what the symptoms are, and who and what make up the risk factors fetal alcohol syndrome can be better understood. The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome states Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the name given to a groupRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome ( Fas )1404 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). According to Feldman (2009), Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a disorder that is induced by pregnant women who have consumed alcohol during the duration of their pregnancy, possibly resulting in mental deformity and delayed the growth of the child. Some characteristics of FAS include growth deficiency and central nervous system dysfunction (Mattson, 2006). Although the child may not be diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, if the child was exposed to alcohol duringRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Is A Collection Of Multiple Effects Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesFetal alcohol syndrome is a collection of multiple effects that happen because of exposure to alcohol in utero and can be a very serious problem that is prevalent. Fetal alcohol syndrome was first talked about and described in 1973 (Caley, Dunlap, Shipkey, Rivera, Winkelman, 2006). Over the years a lot has become known about the dangers of exposing a fetus to alcohol and how common it really is (Caley et al, 2006). According to Krulewitch (2005), 1 in 10 women will consume alcohol after knowingRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Children1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On average, one in thirteen pregnant women have admitted to consuming one or more alcoholic beverage in their previous thirty days of pregnancy (â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders†). Though one drink may seem miniscule in the scope of an eight to nine month pregnancy, any amount of alcohol exposure can be detrimental to a developing child, leading to life-changing disorders such as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Fetal alcohol syndrome, a severe potential consequenceRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancyRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome On The Children850 Words   |  4 Pagesto further educate individuals in regards to what fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is, how to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome, the side effects of fetal alcohol syndrome during infancy, and the long term effects of fetal alcohol syndrome on the child emotionally, physically, and mentally. Definition Fetal alcohol syndrome is a diverse pattern of congenital malformations when ethyl alcohol is consumed chronically in high doses during pregnancy. Alcohol ingestion can influence development of body organsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is an increasing problem in our world today. At least 5,000 infants are born each year with FAS, or about one out of every 750 live births, which is an alarming number. In the United States there has been a significant increase in the rate of infants born with FAS form 1 per 10,000 births in 1979 to 6.7 per 10,000 in 1993 (Chang, Wilikins-Haug, Berman, Goetz 1). In a report, Substance Abuse and the American Woman, sent out by the Center on Addiction

IVF Success Rates for Live Birth Rates - myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. Is the nominator stated (clinical pregnancy or live birth)? 2. Is the egg collection, started cycle or transferring embryo well presented, or the denominator? 3.Is the measure of success a live birth? 4.Is there information on success rates about age? 5.Can a person find any information on individual factors that determine the chance of success rate? 6.Are the risks of multiple embryo transfers stated? Answers: 1.Total origination and live birth rates are the most sensible methods for evaluating the result of different cycles of in vitro treatment. Clinical pregnancy or live birth has been expressed unmistakably utilizing a figure of segments graph and having spot design with the rate that is uncovered by Monash IVF site. A few facilities demoralize the patients seeking assistance with few chances of pregnancy but treat those with a high likelihood of successfully undergoing pregnancy (Pundir et al., 2014). Additionally, the more troublesome and complex cases that related with barrenness quickly featured. Indeed, even the individuals who have been unsuccessful somewhere else or those with complex ripeness issues are expressed. Additionally, it is true that the clinical pregnancy rate in both New Zealand and Australia forms the basis upon which the Conceptive Database come up with a definition that is uncovered in the site to offer legitimacy to the applicable data that is given (Zhao et al., 2014). In any case, one of the fundamental confinements of the utilization of life-table investigation or outline is the suspicion that ladies who suspend treatment right on time without accomplishing pregnancy have a similar gauge likelihood of pregnancy as the individuals who do proceed treatment (Gizzo et al., 2014). This may prompt overestimation of the genuine likelihood of success, particularly when the end of treatment is because of poor visualization. Since the ladies who acknowledged the bundle were resolved to embrace up to three cycles of treatment inside one year, investigation of the after effects of the three-cycle bundle will ideally give a more precise impression by a large and age-particular combined p regnancy and live birth rates than has been conceivable up to this point. 2. Looking at the process of IVF cycle This process denotes the start of treatment which usually starts at the beginning of a person periods, a person is advised to either start with infusion or taking the drug before the arrival of the main day that the cycle begins (Kumbak et al., 2014). The first step The official day that one needs to start taking consideration in regards to IV treatment is in the first period. However, how one responds to the first day dictates the success. People do not respond the same way, and as such, it will determine the success of the process or the steps that need to be put in place (Kasius et al., 2014). The second or next step It is also called the incitement stage starting from day one. It has a characteristic of making a persons ovaries regularly create one egg (Ji et al., 2013). A person will have to consider pharmaceutical treatment in duration of one week to 2 weeks to empower the follicles in the ovary to encourage the release of more eggs. The lead master endorses medicine particular to your body and treatment design (Wiser et al., 2013). It is as a rule as infusions, which can fluctuate from 1-2 for the cycle, or 1-2 every day. It can dismay, yet your richness medical attendant will be there to demonstrate you precisely how and where to give the infusions. You can get your accomplice included as well and watch and learn together to take care of business (Bhattacharya, Maheshwari, Mollison, 2013). It rapidly turns into a propensity, and you will be a specialist in a matter of moments. The most widely recognized elements in the study of medicines that people apply to empower the follicles are: luteinizing hormone (LH) and another one called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The second last process involves developing embryo On the off chance that the sperm fertilizes the egg, it turns into a developing life. Our researchers put the fetus into an extraordinary hatchery and chances or factor for development in addition to improvement appears to be great (Chung et al., 2013). The clinic makes the ideal developing environment by utilizing a blend of proteins, much the same as your body would use to sustain the incipient organism. Our researchers watch out for the developing lives more than six days. We require a stage called cleavage. Our knowledge is that embedding incipient organisms at the element called blastocyst can organize directly to uterus supports for ones odds of an effective pregnancy (Hart, Norman, 2013). Sadly, it is not always that all eggs prepare and achieve fetus organize. They are unlikely not to develop or the sperm not be sufficiently solid (Gameiro, Boivin, Domar, 2013). In addition to that, we are aware that you are likely to be tending to news, so we have to stay up with the lates t advance for the egg that you have provided sperm or for fetus improvement. The last step On the off chance that your incipient organism creates in the lab, then you are made to be prepared for it to be moved to the uterus. Your fruitfulness medical attendants will clarify the procedure. We recommend that you have to drink water before the exchange to have a full bladder (Schliep et al., 2015). Our professionals utilize ultrasound innovation to get the developing life in the ideal spot, and it sees the coating of the uterus. The incipient organism exchange is an exceptionally basic process, similar to a pap spread. It takes around 5 minutes, you'll be conscious, there's no analgesic, and you can escape. You can proceed with your day. The developing life can't drop out if you stand up or go to the latrine (Opien et al., 2012). A researcher converses with you about your embryo prepares it by setting it in a catheter. Its basic this is finished by a specialist to exasperate the fetus as meager as could reasonably be expected. Your fruitfulness authority puts the catheter thr ough your cervix and into your uterus. They utilize ultrasound direction to pinpoint precisely where to put the fetus. An incipient organism is just 0.1 millimeter, and the pro has an objective range of roughly 1 millimeter to play with (Gremeau et al., 2012). On the off chance that it's put in the wrong recognize, the fetus may not 'stick, ' and there is hazard it'll locate a home outside the uterus. 3. In spite of the fact that Workmanship offers critical alternatives for the treatment of fruitfulness issues, the choice to utilize Craftsmanship includes many factors notwithstanding achievement rates (Zheng et al., 2012). Experiencing rehashed Workmanship cycles requires generous responsibilities of time; exertion, cash, and enthusiastic vitality were indicated. Is the likelihood of transfers of frozen embryo explained? Information concerning frozen embryo is left out deliberately. Is the chance for cumulative one cycle put on notice? No, we excluded that, and we did not put it on our page but can be referred elsewhere. 4. The bar graph represents how age affected clinical pregnancy and live births regarding pregnancy rates and given as per embryo transfer cycle in percentage. Looking at the age, there are 46 and 40 per cent clinical and live births respectively in regards pregnancy rates per embryo transfer cycle for persons below the age of 30 years (Yang et al., 2012). On the other hand, between the ages 30 to 34 years, the percentage is 41 and 34 for clinical and live birth respectively. In addition to that, looking at ages 35 to 39, they represent 33 and 27 clinical pregnancy and live birth respectively (Maheshwari et al., 2012). Lastly, from ages 40 to 44, clinical and live birth is at its lowest at 15 and 10 per cent respectively. Thus, as the age increases, the percentage rate of a successful transfer of the embryo to form pregnancy decreases. 5. Some of the individual factors that determine the success rate or rather affect the rate of success include but are not limited to a persons fertility history or genetic factors (Ballester et al., 2012). In addition to those two, there is also the age of the female partner and the competency of the team that is carrying out the treatment. The number of eggs and their quality is another individual factor that influences the success rate. Lastly, other individual factors that determine the success rate are the lifestyle, the quality of sperm, factors encouraging infertility and measures put in place to ensure quality control in the working laboratory (Kovacs et al., 2015). 6. The risk of multiple embryo transfers is that it can result in low pregnancy rates and also has the risk of bringing about the formation of triplets or twins (Gizzo et al., 2014).Based on the findings and what you have learned about what patients need to make informed treatment decisions, make recommendations for how the information could be improved. There are many ways that the information can improve to suit a client in coming up with an informed decision. Firstly, there ought not to be exclusion of certain information. It is worth noting that some information like the chance that frozen embryo transfer provides has not been well documented. In addition to that, the bar that shows percentages of pregnancy rates against age may not be as effective as actual figures (Kumbak et al., 2014). Lastly, the whole information must try to relate to scientific evidence present to increase its believability and to give it credibility on the face of patients. References Ballester, M., Oppenheimer, A., dArgent, E.M., Touboul, C., Antoine, J.M., Nisolle, M. andDara, E., 2012. Deep infiltrating endometriosis is a determinant factor of cumulative pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection/in vitro fertilization cycles in patientwith endometriomas. Fertility and sterility, 97(2), pp.367-372. Bhattacharya, S., Maheshwari, A. and Mollison, J., 2013. Factors associated with failed treatment: an analysis of 121,744 women embarking on their first IVF cycles. PLoS One, 8(12), p.e82249. Chung, K., Donnez, J., Ginsburg, E. and Meirow, D., 2013. Emergency IVF versus ovarian tissue cryopreservation: decision making in fertility preservation for female cancer patients. Fertility and sterility, 99(6), pp.1534-1542. Gameiro, S., Boivin, J. and Domar, A., 2013. Optimal in vitro fertilization in 2020 should reduce treatment burden and enhance care delivery for patients and staff. Fertility and sterility, 100(2), pp.302-309. Gizzo, S., Capuzzo, D., Zicchina, C., Di Gangi, S., Coronella, M.L., Andrisani, A., Gangemi, M. and Nardelli, G.B., 2014. Could empirical low-dose-aspirin administration during IVF cycle affect both the oocytes and embryos quality via COX 12 activity inhibition?. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 31(3), pp.261-268. Gremeau, A.S., Andreadis, N., Fatum, M., Craig, J., Turner, K., Mcveigh, E. and Child, T., 2012. In vitro maturation or in vitro fertilization for women with polycystic ovaries? A casecontrol study of 194 treatment cycles. Fertility and sterility, 98(2), pp.355-360. Hart, R. and Norman, R.J., 2013. The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment: Part IGeneral health outcomes. Human reproduction update, 19(3), pp.232-243. Ji, J., Liu, Y., Tong, X.H., Luo, L., Ma, J. and Chen, Z., 2013. The optimum number of oocytes in IVF treatment: an analysis of 2455 cycles in China. Human Reproduction, 28(10), pp.2728-2734. Kasius, A., Smit, J.G., Torrance, H.L., Eijkemans, M.J., Mol, B.W., Opmeer, B.C. and Broekmans, F.J., 2014. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human reproduction update, 20(4), pp.530-541. Kovacs, G., Veness, K., Mills, D.S., Casson, C., Rostami-Nejad, M., Rostami, K., Carder, L., MacGillivray-Fallis, K., Dunn, N.C., Szmelskyj, I. and Cook, D., 2015. Integrated Approaches to Infertility, IVF and Recurrent Miscarriage: A Handbook. Singing Dragon. Kumbak, B., Sahin, L., Ozkan, S. and Atilgan, R., 2014. Impact of luteal phase hysteroscopy and concurrent endometrial biopsy on subsequent IVF cycle outcome. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 290(2), pp.369-374. Maheshwari, A., Pandey, S., Shetty, A., Hamilton, M. and Bhattacharya, S., 2012. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from the transfer of frozen thawed versus fresh embryos generated through in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and sterility, 98(2), pp.368-377. Opien, H.K., Fedorcsak, P., Omland, A.K., byholm, T., Bjercke, S., Ertzeid, G., Oldereid, N., Mellembakken, J.R. and Tanbo, T., 2012. In vitro fertilization is a successful treatment in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertility and sterility, 97(4), pp.912-918. Pundir, J., Pundir, V., Omanwa, K., Khalaf, Y. and El-Toukhy, T., 2014. Hysteroscopy prior to the first IVF cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive biomedicine online, 28(2), pp.151-161. Schliep, K.C., Mumford, S.L., Ahrens, K.A., Hotaling, J.M., Carrell, D.T., Link, M., Hinkle, S.N., Kissell, K., Porucznik, C.A. and Hammoud, A.O., 2015. Effect of male and female body mass index on pregnancy and live birth success after in vitro fertilization. Fertility and sterility, 103(2), pp.388-395. Wiser, A., Gilbert, A., Nahum, R., Orvieto, R., Haas, J., Hourvitz, A., Weissman, A., Younes, G., Dirnfeld, M., Hershko, A. and Shulman, A., 2013. Effects of treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate or salpingectomy in the subsequent IVF cycle. Reproductive biomedicine online, 26(5), pp.449-453. Yang, Z., Liu, J., Collins, G.S., Salem, S.A., Liu, X., Lyle, S.S., Peck, A.C., Sills, E.S. and Salem, R.D., 2012. Selection of single blastocysts for fresh transfer via standard morphology assessment alone and with array CGH for good prognosis IVF patients: results from a randomized pilot study. Molecular cytogenetics, 5(1), p.24. Zhao, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y. and Li, Y., 2014. Endometrial pattern, thickness and growth in predicting pregnancy outcome following 3319 IVF cycle. Reproductive biomedicine online, 29(3), pp.291-298. Zheng, C.H., Huang, G.Y., Zhang, M.M. and Wang, W., 2012. Effects of acupuncture on pregnancy rates in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and sterility, 97(3), pp.599-611.

The six principles by Boyer

Table of Contents Principle 1: A Purposeful Community Principle 2: Openness Principle 3: Justice Principle 4: Discipline Principle 5: A Caring Community Principle 6: A Celebrative Community Conclusion Principle 1: A Purposeful Community A purposeful community is the first principle of Boyer’s principles of community. According to Boyer, colleges and universities are purposeful communities, which value intellectual life and a close collaboration between students and faculties in order to raise teaching and learning standards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The six principles by Boyer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace this principle. Institutions of higher learning are basically defined as places where learning takes place. However, colleges and universities d o not take this seriously. Students argue that their social lives and jobs are more important than academics since they only require credentials. Colleges and universities should embrace this principle in order to strengthen learning and interaction between students and faculties. In most institutions, professors argue that by the time their students graduate from college, they lack adequate skills and competence to venture into the job market. Some even opine that there is need to review the content that they teach college and university students. Most institutions do not focus on rewarding quality teaching, but instead reward research, publications and individuals who secure contracts and grants. This discourages faculty members and prevents them from investing in classroom teaching and offering guidance to undergraduate students. For colleges to embrace this principle effectively, they must realize that teachers have the ability to create the right environment that encourages stu dents to exercise intellectual commitment and participate fully in the learning process. A learning community starts in the classroom, although it should ideally be evident in all places. For institutions of higher learning to actualize this principle in an appropriate manner, academic concerns should be sustained. In addition, students should be encouraged to embrace intellectual commitment. Principle 2: Openness Boyer’s second principle of community emphasizes that colleges should be open communities, where individuals are allowed to express themselves freely. In addition, civility is affirmed in a powerful manner. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace this principle. Colleges and Universities sometimes deal with competing issues, which define college life.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, they should ensure that freedom of speech is guaranteed, while monitoring language use to ensure that only modest and acceptable language is used. Ensuring that freedom of expression and use of modest language are balanced is difficult because some students use words for different intentions other than communicating effectively. For instance, words can be used to discriminate other students based on their ethnic, sexual or racial orientation. This problem is more serious in large institutions, which have many students. This principle can be embraced by introducing new statements about civility and the importance of respecting other people. However, it should be understood that colleges and universities give individuals an opportunity to express themselves even when their ideas are considered outrageous. This implies that in a bid to embrace this principle, speech should not be restricted through regulation. Institutions of higher learning shou ld avoid censoring information, allegedly to ensure that students get safe ideas. On the contrary, students should be prepared by the institutions on how to judge ideas. As institutions of higher learning protect speech, they should not be passive, especially when violation of decency and honesty occurs. In a bid to embrace this principle successfully, they should set their own standards and ensure that they are followed strictly. Principle 3: Justice Boyer’s third principle advocates for a just community. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace this principle. Boyer argues that a just community upholds the dignity of all people and gives them equal opportunities. Most institutions of higher learning face the challenge of ensuring that justice is promoted in their institutions. Although significant gains have been made in ensuring that justice is upheld, incidents of pre judice still occur in colleges and universities. For instance, women and black people face discrimination in some colleges and universities on the basis of their racial and ethnic orientations. In order to embrace this principle, colleges should strongly challenge prejudice and establish appropriate programs that promote diversity among students in learning communities. It might be true that the society is characterized by inequality, but colleges and universities should commit themselves to administer social justice and promote equality among all people. Principle 4: Discipline Boyer’s fourth principle of community talks about discipline. Discipline enables individuals to follow directions given to them strictly. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace this principle. In addition, the principle states that behavior should be guided by accurate governance procedures for the good of everybody. For instance, some colleges in the past restricted women from leaving their dormitories, exposed them to inflexible study hours and forced them to attend church services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The six principles by Boyer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These rules could not be sustained because they were rejected by students. Although it is not possible for administrators to take up the roles of parents, they often establish standards that should be used to determine whether the conduct of students is acceptable, especially if it is deemed to be harmful to them and the larger society. Some of the most serious misbehaviors that are of concern to administrators include alcoholism, although alcohol has always been regarded by many people as part of college life. However, a disciplined community is concerned about the health of its members, as well as adhering to enacted laws. If in dividuals under the age of 21 years are prohibited from drinking alcohol, colleges should embrace this principle by ensuring that they support the laws. They should identify the right models that encourage students to embrace positive behaviors. Crime is also another problem that is often reported in colleges and universities. Many students in colleges complain of theft cases hence institutional heads consider it a problem too. For instance, researches which have been conducted in the past in various colleges have confirmed prevalence of disruptiveness and unnecessary noise in colleges. There are also concerns of fraternity life. Fraternities are only important if they lead to positive outcomes. But colleges and universities have a role to play in ensuring that indiscipline cases do not prevail within their institutions. They should ensure that they abolish college organizations that do not show commitment in promoting civility. Despite all the problems that colleges and universitie s face, most of them have been trying to handle them to ensure that they create disciplined communities. Colleges can apply additional methods to embrace this principle by establishing educational sessions on alcohol and how to avoid addiction. In addition, special task forces could be established to conduct seminars, which educate individuals on the importance of avoiding crime. College religious centers and chaplains can also play a critical role in ensuring that the principle of discipline is embraced in colleges. Students nowadays take an active role in determining new codes of conduct because they would not like to be exposed to rigid regulations. Colleges and universities should establish standards in both academic and non-academic areas in order to embrace discipline in their institutions. Principle 5: A Caring Community The fifth principle of community advanced by Boyer states that a community should be caring. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my ex perience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace this principle.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A caring community is always concerned about the welfare of everybody and encourages individuals to serve one another. Caring for others is the most important principle in colleges because it determines the success of other principles such as purposefulness, openness, justice and discipline. This is because the manner in which individuals relate with one another is very important. Independence and freedom is of great value to students because it enables them to develop a sense of belonging. They argue that college administrators should be concerned about their lives without getting involved. Students establish unique groups or communities while in college in order to seek identity. It is important for them to have close connections and relationships with their institutions. Colleges and universities should promote community building without necessarily applying strict regulations that are difficult to change. Institutions and students agree that communities should be strengthened in order to improve college life. This would ensure that people care for one another. Principle 6: A Celebrative Community Boyer’s sixth principle states that a community should be celebrative. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges and universities should embrace this principle. The heritage of institutions of higher learning and the rituals performed occasionally bring people together and enable them to share different topics. Colleges and universities should sustain their own heritage and traditions because communities in institutions of higher learning underscore the importance of preserving traditions and heritage. Celebrations, rites and ceremonies enable students to identify with their institutions. For this principle to be embraced effectively, colleges and universities should ensure that ceremonies and rituals are established with fun and meaning, because they sustain instituti onal pride and memories. Institutions should continually recreate communities since they get new students from time to time. Continuity in colleges is negatively affected due to lack of activities such as celebrations that bring people together. Conclusion The six principles of community by Boyer are found in almost all institutions of higher learning. From the knowledge gained through attending this class and my experience at Indiana University-Bloomington, I believe that colleges should embrace them, because they play a critical role in building communities. The issues that colleges and universities experience usually extend beyond the institutions. Divisions and racial tensions among societies have increased as well as widening of the gap between the poor and the rich. However, despite all these differences, people need their colleagues because they cannot succeed on their own. As a result, colleges and universities should work together and eliminate social and academic divisions that make it difficult for students to enjoy college life. Discipline, justice, celebrativeness, openness and the ability to care for others are principles that would increase integrity of institutions of higher learning if emphasized. This essay on The six principles by Boyer was written and submitted by user Sullivan R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pros and Cons of Airline Deregulation Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Airline Deregulation Paper Deregulation has brought charges that safety has been reduced in the transportation industries. Although theory suggests that safety might be lower in a competitive market than in a regulated one, experimental evidence shows that safety has not declined since the transportation industries were deregulated but has actually continued to improve. Even though deregulation and partial deregulation have brought great benefits to the economy and to the consumer, some interests have been adversely affected. In the airline industry, organized labor has been the principal loser. To this day, the major airlines are attempting to bring down their inflated labor costs. A number of airlines have established dual pay schemes where new employees are paid less. The deregulation process received a great boost in 1977 when President Jimmy Carter appointed Alfred Kahn to chair the CAB. This quintessential policy entrepreneur took charge at the perfect time. With a powerful intellect, a dedication to microeconomic efficiency, and a quick and infectious humor, Kahn set about reorganizing the CAB. Under Kahn, the board decided several landmark cases that tested open entry and unrestricted price competition (Civil Aeronautic Board 1978). The policy options, now, were narrowing. Early in 1978, both houses of Congress passed bills to liberalize regulation. Airline executives, such as American’s Crandall, faced with the prospect of a policy â€Å"that would leave the airlines half free and half fettered,† now shifted gears and called for the total elimination of economic regulation. In October, 1978, Congress passed the Airline Deregulation Act. President Carter signed it ten days later. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Airline Deregulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Airline Deregulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Airline Deregulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The act then place maximum reliance on competitive market forces. The Civil Aeronautics Board would automatically certify entry, unless doing so damaged the public interest. Fares would be flexible within a wide zone of reasonableness, and mergers would be readily approved. If all went well, the Civil Aeronautics Board would cease to exist by 1985 (Crandall 1978). The first year of airline deregulation was one of the most difficult years of the history, commented Bob Crandall. As an industry, Airline Company seemed bent on giving away the store. And 1980 proved worse still. All but two of the major carriers lost money, with American Airlines’ first half losses the worst in the industry. Passenger traffic slumped because of the recession, and the price of jet fuel had doubled again. Intense competition for key routes, with wild fares discounting, caught the industry and its regulators by surprise. The major carriers were not at all prepared for the suddenness of competition. Although the deregulation act had proposed an orderly phase-out of regulation, reallocation of routes and fare competition swept past the board’s half-hearted attempts at stabilization. By the spring of 1980, carriers were virtually free to determine the routes they served and the prices they charged (Office of Economic Analysis 1982). In May, 1979, World Airways, a former charter, offered a one-way fare of $108 between New York and Los Angeles and New York and San Francisco. This touched off the â€Å"transcontinental wars† among the major carriers, under-cutting revenues of more than $750 million, just for those two routes. TWA expanded the war to the semi-transcontinental market, matched by all of the other majors. Pricing madness went from bad to worse when Eastern tried to enter, with an unrestricted transcontinental fare of $99. World went to $88, the others matched, and the price war spread to â€Å"peripheral transcontinental markets of Boston, Washington, and Philadelphia (Praskell 1981). Hastily, the majors began dropping unprofitable routes and entering the potentially profitable markets of their competitors. Braniff challenged American in the Southwest, while Delta attacked American’s hub at Dallas from the East. Eastern expanded out of LaGuardia toward the west, and United contested more of the major city-pair markets connected to its hub in Chicago. Such unrestricted competition forced a dilution of yields, pushing break-even load factors higher. Accelerated hubbing was the clearest short-term strategic response by the major carriers. This practice, of concentrating connecting flights at a particular airport, had been Intense competition for key routes, with wild fares discounting, caught the industry and its regulators by surprise. The major carriers were not at all prepared for the abruptness of competition. Although the deregulation act had proposed an orderly phase-out of regulation, reallocation of routes and fare competition swept past the board’s half-hearted attempts at stabilization. By the spring of 1980, carriers were virtually free to determine the routes they served and the prices they charged (Office of Economic Analysis 1982). Used to a limited extent since the 1960s, both Delta and Eastern had developed a significant hub at Atlanta; United at Chicago; American at Dallas, and Allegheny (now US Air) at Pittsburgh. But hitherto, regulation had severely constrained the use of the hub-and-spoke route structure as an operating strategy. Only after receiving route flexibility could the majors contemplate the potential economies of scale and scope that the hub-and-spoke system had to offer. In terms of strategy, organizational structure, and performance, American Airlines’ adjustments to deregulation, starting as the second-largest, but least efficient of incumbent domestic carriers, was the most thoroughgoing and successful. As such, it provides the sharpest contrasts for examining the effects of regulatory change on business practice. Conversely, its size and revealed market power show how effective strategy, like regulation, can shape market structure to create sustainable rents. American Airlines was not prepared for deregulation. Its break-even load factor was the industry’s highest. Its labor costs were higher than the industry average and its productivity growth lower. Its fleet was the least fuel efficient, and its route structure the industry’s most fragmented. During the period in which regulation broke down (1968-1974), American’s management had made several serious errors: overexpansion into hotel properties, acquisition of too many wide-bodied aircraft, cutbacks in the development of computerized reservation systems, a failed merger attempt, and, finally, a managerial crisis. In September, 1973, George Spater, American’s chairman, admitted to making an illegal contribution to the Nixon campaign. He resigned, leaving American with operating losses, major organizational problems, and ruined morale (Serling 1985). C. R.  Smith, American’s colorful chief executive from 1934 to 1968, came out of retirement just long enough to choose a new chairman – an outsider named Albert Casey, president of the Times Mirror Company. Casey, a rough-and-tumble Boston Irishman with a self-deprecating sense of humor, specialized in finance, liked a lot of people, but knew nothing about airlines. His immediate challenge was to restore confidence and eventually, to prepare the organization for the demands of deregulation. The effects of deregulation on market structure and performance were just as dramatic as on industry structure, but not quite so clear. Several exogenous events, including the second oil shock, the air traffic controllers (PATCO) strike in 1981, and the 1982-1983 recession, also shaped the patterns of adjustment. With this qualification in mind, we can observe significant changes in the following market characteristics: first, entry and exit conditions, second, price level and pricing mechanisms, third, segmentation, fourth, distribution channels, fifth, cost structure, sixth operations, seventh, demand eight, service levels (and safety), and nineth, industry profitability. Entry into the industry and into individual city-pair markets clearly opened up as soon as the CAB lowered its barriers. Relatively low minimum-efficient scale and capital costs made this possible, but few of these entrants survived to 1988. Despite the hopes of economists, particularly those associated with contestability theory, the airline industry did not turn out to be frictionless (Panzar and Willig 1982). By building economies of scale and scope, by segmenting markets with strategic pricing, and by developing control of distribution channels, the incumbent firms responded strategically to create competitive advantages and eventually foreclose entry. As the data came in, economists revised their views of the industry’s contestability. At best, it appeared to be a transitional condition. Deregulation prompted an immediate reduction of prices and a continuing fragmentation of pricing structure. Here too, the early pricing responses seemed to support the logic of contestability. Even monopolists lowered their fares. Eventually though, prices stabilized in the least competitive markets and then increased. Price structure, meanwhile, fragmented into a wide range of special packages, discounts, and incentive deals. By 1987, the proportion of passengers using some sort of discount fare had risen from 37 percent (1977) to 91 percent (Airline Deregulation 1988). Sophisticated customer and competitor analyses, drawing on computerized data bases, was performed daily to optimize revenue by adjusting schedules, fares, and seat allocations among discount categories. This development should not have been surprising, in view of airline economics and a history of similar, although constrained, pricing practices. Commodity like, price wars at the outset of deregulation were partly the result of the market’s desegmentation. Carriers only gradually implemented strategies to resegment the market by price, service, brand image, and loyalty. Among the most striking features of airlines deregulation was the development and newfound strategic importance of distribution channels (methods of selling tickets). Under regulation, distribution channels were unimportant and unsophisticated. But with the transition to competition, customer access and control suddenly became critical for sellers, while the fluidity of adjusting markets caused extreme informational problems for buyers. Computerized reservation systems, with a relatively small incremental cost of adding a travel agency and huge economies of scale and scope, quickly became a competitive bottleneck that first movers took a tremendous advantage of. By 1988, American (SABRE) and United (APOLLO) controlled 70 percent of the travel agency channel, leaving competing systems (TWA, Delta and Eastern) with too small a base and other carriers in abject dependency. Accordingly, Frontier and ten other carriers brought a civil antitrust suit, seeking damages and divestiture of SABRE and APOLLO. The case was based on the essential facility doctrine – the same concept that the government had used successfully to attack the Bell System. Although civil charges were dismissed late in 1988, the Department of Transportation continued to review proposals for divesting the airlines of their reservation systems. Cost reduction was a predictable result of deregulation. The most dramatic and politicized aspect of this process was the deco sting of labor. Elimination of work rules, increases in hard hours for flight crews, and wage givebacks all contributed to lower costs. Continental, by reducing labor costs to 1. 33 cents per available seat mile, set a competitive baseline for the others. Delta, even with its traditionally nonunion work force, remained at the high end with costs of 3. 54 cents per average seat mile. Like American, every major carrier eventually moved to reduce costs across the entire range of operations, fuel, overhead, fleet and route structure, as well as labor. In all, the cost per passenger-mile traveled declined by about 30 percent 1981 and 1987. On the other hand, since November 1974 airfare increases have outpaced the rate of inflation, President Jimmy Carter (D, 1977-1981) shared Senator Kennedy’s views on this issue. In 1975, he endorsed legislation to provide airlines with greater flexibility to reduce airfares, ease Civil Aeronautics Board’s regulations on trunk entry, and made it easier, with some protections for small communities for airlines to eliminate nonprofit able routes. The airline industry strongly opposed the relaxation or elimination of national government rules concerning entry and exit of air routes and passenger ticket prices. During congressional hearings, they testified that head to head competition might cause ticket prices to fall, but it would also bankrupt many smaller airlines, leading to the concentration of airline service into just a few large carriers that could conceivably, control the marketplace and impose even higher fares on passengers than before deregulation took place. For example, Robert Six, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Continental Airlines, Inc. estified before the U. S senate Commerce Committee that deregulation will not lead to a more competitive situation. Rather, it is liable to result in a period of initial chaos and ultimately in a situation in which most of the air transportation system will be in the control of a few industry giants. The aviation industry also argued that deregulation would cause service reductions and in some instances complete elimination of service along many less profitable air routes, particularly those serving rural states and small-population cities. They also worried that deregulation would frighten investors making it more difficult for them to finance badly needed equipment facilities. They also warned that deregulation would adversely affect air safety because price competition would force airlines to defer maintenance and keep airplanes in service as long as possible. The industry’s labor unions also opposed deregulation. They feared that increased price competition might make it more difficult for them to win wage and salary concessions at the bargaining table. While Congress debated deregulation’s pros and cons, Alfred Kahn, President Carter’s choice to head the Civil Aeronautics Board, was sworn into office on June 10, 1977. He systematically altered the Civil Aeronautics Board’s regulatory behavior to allow airlines to fly as many routes as possible and at the lowest fares that they could afford. As airfares fell across the nation, Kahn received extensive and very positive media coverage. Although Congress was probably going to deregulate airlines regardless of Khan’s actions, the favorable publicity concerning Khan’s effort signaled to many on Capitol Hill hat it would be political suicide to fight airline deregulation. Sensing an opportunity to destroy its new competition, the larger airlines systematically reduced passenger airfares on routes also flown by the new start-ups. The practice was called predator pricing. The idea was to outlast the new start-ups and later recoup losses by raising passenger airfares after the start-ups were driven out of business. The strategy worked for Northwest Airlines. Its discount pricing forced People Express to abandon its Newark to the Twin Cities route. Northwest Airlines’ hub was at the Twin Cities Airport. However, in most instances, predator pricing resulted in economic losses for all airlines. Eastern Airlines, for example, lost to much money trying to kill off World Airline coast-to-cost routes that it was forced to withdraw from transcontinental service altogether. Also, United Airlines nearly went bankrupt trying to kill off People’s Express. By the late 1980s, predator pricing and other factors forced many start-ups into bankruptcy and many others to merge with other airlines. Overall, deregulation increased the number of air carriers but American, Delta, and United continued their dominance over the U. S market. Deregulation changed the basic nature of air service in the United States. Before deregulation most airlines exchanged passengers freely at major airports, a practice called interlining. After deregulation, airlines tried to keep their passengers to themselves. They discovered that it was more profitable to provide nonstop passenger air service between several major hubs instead of offering point to point, nonstop air service to numerous communities across the nation. Conclusion The airline industry appears to be evolving towards the segmented structure that existed prior to deregulation a small number of large trunk carriers offering long haul domestic and international services, regional carriers offering short and medium haul services within geographic areas and commuter carriers offering very short haul services to small communities. In aviation’s formative years, this structure was developed and controlled by government regulators. However, today’s evolution toward the segment marketplace is being driven and controlled by market forces with low entry barriers. Regulation has been a long-standing and indeed necessary feature of the airport transport industry the world over. Many countries, however, are now questioning the effectiveness, and indeed the relevance, of such regulations. More generally, questions are being asked about the appropriate balance between public and private sectors in the industry, whether existing regulations and operating structures are compatible with the introduction of new technology and more intense international competition, and many nations have sought to evaluate more systematically the overall contribution, an costs, of their ports to both domestic economic growth and inter-modal transport systems. In short, the world’s ports have reached a critical historical juncture. To date, however, airport reform in many countries has simply equated with labour reform, or more precisely a derogation of employment and working conditions. The propriety of such reform programmed must be questioned and, on the basis of the evidence presented in this paper. In developing countries in particular, where social protection for redundant workers is often more notable by its absence, the adverse effects of deregulation are indefensible. Furthermore, the experience of many countries suggests that deregulation by no means guarantees any improvement in airport performance. In fact, the long-term result may be the opposite. In contrast, there are several countries/ports where significant improvements in airport performance have been achieved while basic standards of employment have been at least maintained, if not improved. Thus, in several cases, productive efficiency continues to be founded on equity and efficiency in the labour market.

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221;

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221; If you are looking for facts on Emma Larkins Finding George Orwell in Burma so as to write a deductive essay, there are a handful of great facts from the book which pertain to the book to help you in your writing. These ten facts can prove most useful in helping you to support the claims you might be making in your next essay: In the book â€Å"Finding George Orwell in Burma†, Emma Larkin shows how the government of Burma uses surveillance, censorship, imprisonment, and the rewriting of history to instill fear in its citizens. The government has complete surveillance on its people. The Military Intelligence spies and informers are something spoken about often in the book, something which is so prevalent that people are always afraid to speak out or work with foreigners for fear of being reported to the spies. The emergency provisions act of 1950 provided the government with the ability to sentence any local citizen caught informing foreigners to seven years in prison. This law, and the threat of military intelligence spies contributes even more to the fear of being caught. Fear of having the wrong ideas, of speaking to the wrong person, all of that fear is what breaks apart groups and prevents individuals from sharing their same thoughts or concerns and rising up. When people do rise up, as they did in 1988, the government rewrites history. The generals were rewriting history is a quote from the book which shows how the government rewrote the names of places, streets, buildings, and even disposed of dead bodies and washed away blood from the streets as a way to make all of the people involved in the uprising literally disappear. They did not just kill them, they erased them from history. They erased the memory of the uprising and more. By erasing any evidence of an uprising as well as the evidence of what the government did to those who try to uprising is one of the many ways that the government is able to not only retain fear but use the tool of rewriting history. The Burmese government has a propaganda branch as well as a censorship board both of which work together to produce specific content which has already been approved for magazines as well as newspapers. These two units even create the curriculum for all schools. By censoring all media, the Burmese government is able to maintain complete control of the people by alleviating any potential for motivation or uprisings, and also ensuring that people only hear what the government wants them to hear. By limiting what people have access to, they limit what people think. The government even limited foreign influence. Foreign journalists and writers are not allowed into the country and anyone who has a notebook, camera, or other type of photographic film is continually under surveillance for the duration of their trip. Materials can be reviewed by police as well as military intelligence spies who can delete items that they do not want the individual having. They even have the ability to take away the physical instruments such as a camera and immediately deport the person who owned the camera. If an individual is filming or taking pictures of those locals who are filmed or photographed are also at risk for being detained by police. All of these tools which are used by the government are highly spoken about by Aung San Suu Kyi and reflect strongly on George Orwells contents contained in 1984. Panopticon is the term from George Orwells writing which remains at the center of this type of surveillance. Other terms are also prevalent. Newspeak is a wonderful term which applies to the content distributed by the censorship board. Room 101 refers most strongly to detainees. Another main theme in the writing of George Orwell is out of surveillance. Big brother surveys every aspect of life and infiltrates even the thoughts of its citizens in much the same way that the Burmese do to their people today. Aung San Suu Kyi’s father was a democratic leader of Burma until a coup left him dead. Aung San Suu Kyi took over her father’s role and was soon punished by the military leadership in charge. She married an Englishman and with him had two children, but when she spoke out against the corruption in the government she was placed under house arrest and prohibited not only from seeing her children, but in many cases from having her children visit her. Aung San Suu Kyi was elected in a democratic process once already but the military leadership declared that they were not going to give up their power, after which San Suu Kyi was placed again either in phases of house arrest or would be allowed to leave the country but upon doing so, not allowed back in. She continued to fight alongside her party and to raise international awareness about the seriousness of the human rights abuses. She went on a hunger strike while under house arrest which garnered a great deal of media attention. As of 2015, Burma had open and free elections yet again, and this time Aung San Suu Kyi’s party was elected yet again. The military has stated that it will not contest the results and that it plans to allow the party to assume its role as the new leader. If this takes place, the new party is allowed the authority not only to elect the leader of the country, but other cabinet members. As of late, the former military power changed the constitution to prohibit San Suu Kyi from attaining the role of president, which is a rule that can be overturned if the military leadership keeps to its word and allows the party and San Suu Kyi to assume the power they have been given by their people through the 2015 elections. This book is very interesting to research. That’s why there are also 20 topics on â€Å"Finding Orwell in Burma† by E. Larkin that can be tackled by writing a deductive essay according to our guide. References: Cady, John F.  A history of modern Burma. 1960. Chakraborty, Basanti D. Aung San Suu Kyi.  A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance. SensePublishers, 2013. 121-123. Davison, Peter, Hoepffner Prà ©face de Marie Hermann, and Jean-Jacques Rosat.  George Orwell. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. Harvey, Godfrey Eric.  History of Burma. Asian Educational Services, 2000. Kyi, Aung San Suu.  Aung San Suu Kyi. 1989. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Freedom from fear.  Index on Censorship  21.1 (1992): 11-30. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Voice of hope.  Index on Censorship  26.3 (1997): 162-168.

Who does the task People or machines. What is the right mix Essay

Who does the task People or machines. What is the right mix - Essay Example A task is the name or identification of a simple work or a complex project that can have sub-tasks or strings of works attached to it (Anderson 1999). Going by this it is a representation of a structure of activities. Such activities, in an industrial or a production context could mean involvement of both men and machines for its execution or implementation. The task in the earlier days was entirely conducted by men and was thus people oriented and they used a few tools in order to organize the task or ease its progress. These tools could be said to be simple form of machines and were invented or improvised by people to facilitate the conduct of their work for carrying out the task to their satisfaction. With advance in civilization and knowledge people invented machines first to simplify their tasks and later to provide assistance in their task. In modern times there a many tasks that are carried out with the use of machines only requiring no human intervention which make the task almost entirely machine oriented. It can be seen that tasks have become more complex with the advent of time but the two ends of the spectrum have remained people and machines. Apparently one cannot do without the other and this raises the questions of importance, relevance, priorities and hierarchy that are manifest in the topic â€Å"Who does the task? People or machines†. Before the Industrial Revolution work was generally people oriented. The worker was the one who planned work and executed it, using and manipulating various tools of his trade to assist him in increasing productivity, improving quality and reducing costs. With introduction of mechanization in the late 18th century the concept of division of labor became an important feature that took away the characteristic of ownership of the work from a person to several persons. This was generally the time when Adam Smith in his book Wealth of Nations (1776) stated that labor [meaning